Applying an Evidence-Based Community Organizing Approach to Strengthen HIV Prevention for Cisgender Women in US South: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Most new HIV diagnoses among cisgender women in the United States occur in the South. HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), a cornerstone of the federal Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative, remains underused by cisgender women who may benefit. Awareness and access to PrEP remain low among cisgender women. Moreover, improving PrEP reach among cisgender women requires effectively engaging communities in the development of appropriate and acceptable patient-centered PrEP care approaches to support uptake. In a community-clinic-academic collaboration, this protocol applies an evidence-based community organizing approach (COA) to increase PrEP awareness and reach among cisgender women in Atlanta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to use and evaluate a COA for engaging community members across 4 Atlanta counties with high-priority EHE designation, to increase PrEP awareness, interest, and connection to PrEP care among cisgender women. METHODS: The COA, consisting of 6 stages, will systematically develop the skills of community members to become leaders and advocates for HIV prevention inclusive of PrEP for cisgender women in their communities. We will use the evidence-based COA to develop and implement a PrEP-specific action plan to create broader community change by raising awareness and interest in PrEP, reducing stigma associated with HIV or PrEP, and connecting women to sexual health clinics providing PrEP services. In the first 4 stages, to prepare for and develop action plans, we will gather data from one-on-one interviews with up to 100 individuals across Atlanta to capture attitudes, motivations, and influences related to women's sexual health with a focus on HIV prevention and PrEP. Informed by the community interviews, we will revise a sexual health curriculum inclusive of PrEP and community-centered engagement. We will then recruit and train community action team members to develop action plans to implement the curriculum during community-located events. In the last 2 stages, we will implement and evaluate COA's effect on PrEP awareness, interest, HIV or PrEP stigma, and connection to PrEP care among cisgender women community members. RESULTS: This project was funded by the National Institutes of Health and approved by the Emory University institutional review board in July 2021. Data collection began in December 2021 and is ongoing. COA stage 1 of the study is complete with 70 participants enrolled. Community events commenced in November 2023, and data collection will be completed by November 2025. Stage 1 qualitative data analysis is complete with results to be published in 2024. Full study results are anticipated to be reported in 2026. CONCLUSIONS: Through a community-clinic-academic collaboration, this protocol proposes to mount a coordinated approach across diverse Atlanta counties to strengthen HIV prevention for cisgender women and to create a sustainable systems approach to move new sexual health innovations more quickly to cisgender women. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/56293.

Servicios de ayuda en el hogar en Galicia, ¿un recurso para intervenir en la soledad? / Home Help Services in Galicia, a resource to intervening in loneliness?

La soledad es un factor social que afecta a personas de todas las edades, perjudicando su salud y aumentando la utilización de servicios sociosanitarios. Su abordaje requiere una perspectiva comunitaria integral, ya que es un sentimiento subjetivo con consecuencias complejas en la salud y en el bienestar. En una sociedad envejecida, la soledad se convierte en un problema de salud pública significativo, especialmente entre las personas mayores. Por ello, este estudio se centra en los servicios de ayuda en el hogar (Servicio de Axuda no Fogar, SAF) en Galicia y su papel en la lucha contra la soledad, con el objetivo de comprender este sentimiento entre las personas usuarias del SAF y recopilar sus opiniones para entender cómo abordarla y diseñar estrategias intersectoriales y participativas que permitan ayudar a disminuirla. Los resultados iniciales muestran que más del 50% de los usuarios del SAF se sienten solos. A través de la elaboración de un cuestionario propio y de mediciones utilizando la escala de soledad UCLA, el estudio destaca la importancia de la colaboración comunitaria y la necesidad de difundir los resultados para orientar intervenciones futuras. Se concluye que los SAF tienen un potencial significativo para mejorar el bienestar de los usuarios y abordar la soledad, un factor social determinante de la salud. (AU)

Loneliness is a social factor that impacts individuals of all ages, impairing their health and increasing the use of socio-health services. Tackling this requires a comprehensive community perspective, as it is a subjective feeling with complex consequences for health and well-being. In an aging society, loneliness becomes a significant public health issue, especially among the elderly. Therefore, this study focuses on Home Help Services (SAF) in Galicia and their role in responding to loneliness. The main aim is to understand this feeling among SAF users, gather their opinions on how to tackle this, and devise intersectoral and participatory strategies to reduce loneliness. Initial results reveal that over 50% of SAF users feel lonely. By means of a customized questionnaire and measurements using the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the study underscores the importance of community collaboration and the need to disseminate results to guide future interventions. It is concluded that SAF has significant potential to improve user well-being and tackle loneliness, a decisive social factor on health. (AU)

Participatory community action research in homeless shelters: Outcomes for shelter residents and service-learning research assistants.

The article reports empirical outcomes of an ongoing transdisciplinary participatory community action research project that implements behavioral activation in homeless shelters. The overall goal of this Project is twofold: (1) to improve psychosocial functioning of shelter residents and enhance their opportunities to overcome homelessness; and (2) to enhance civic development of service-learning students who assist in Project implementation. Two studies are reported, representing these goals. Study 1 found that residents of a men's shelter (n = 892), women's shelter (n = 433), and transitional housing (n = 40) perceived behavioral activation sessions as immediately beneficial (i.e., important, meaningful, worthy of repeating, and enjoyable), and over the course of shelter stay, they perceived behavioral activation as contributing to their hope, empowerment/self-sufficiency, quality of life, purpose/meaning in life, wellbeing, social support, shelter social climate, and relationships with staff. Quantitative findings are supported by qualitative data (comments by residents on forms). Study 2, which replicates and extends past research on civic-development in service-learning students, used a new quasi-experimental design to compare service-learning students (n = 41) in an interdisciplinary course on homelessness versus non-service-learning students (n = 16) in a psychology course. Service-learning students showed pre- to post-semester improvements in community service self-efficacy, decreases in stigmatizing attitudes, and increases in awareness of privilege and oppression, but students not engaged in service-learning did not show these civic-related changes. These quantitative results are supported by qualitative data (written reflections by students). Results and implications are discussed within the context of the concept of psychopolitical validity.

National Rural Health Mission reforms in light of decentralised planning in Kerala, India: a realist analysis of data from three witness seminars.

BACKGROUND: The People's Planning Campaign (PPC) in the southern Indian state of Kerala started in 1996, following which the state devolved functions, finances, and functionaries to Local Self-Governments (LSGs). The erstwhile National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), subsequently renamed the National Health Mission (NHM) was a large-scale, national architectural health reform launched in 2005. How decentralisation and NRHM interacted and played out at the ground level is understudied. Our study aimed to fill this gap, privileging the voices and perspectives of those directly involved with this history. METHODS: We employed the Witness Seminar (WS), an oral history technique where witnesses to history together reminisce about historical events and their significance as a matter of public record. Three virtual WS comprised of 23 participants (involved with the PPC, N(R)HM, civil society, and the health department) were held from June to Sept 2021. Inductive thematic analysis of transcripts was carried out by four researchers using ATLAS. ti 9. WS transcripts were analyzed using a realist approach, meaning we identified Contexts, Mechanisms, and Outcomes (CMO) characterising NRHM health reform in the state as they related to decentralised planning. RESULTS: Two CMO configurations were identified, In the first one, witnesses reflected that decentralisation reforms empowered LSGs, democratised health planning, brought values alignment among health system actors, and equipped communities with the tools to identify local problems and solutions. Innovation in the health sector by LSGs was nurtured and incentivised with selected programs being scaled up through N(R)HM. The synergy of the decentralised planning process and N(R)HM improved health infrastructure, human resources and quality of care delivered by the state health system. The second configuration suggested that community action for health was reanimated in the context of the emergence of climate change-induced disasters and communicable diseases. In the long run, N(R)HM's frontline health workers, ASHAs, emerged as leaders in LSGs. CONCLUSION: The synergy between decentralised health planning and N(R)HM has significantly shaped and impacted the health sector, leading to innovative and inclusive programs that respond to local health needs and improved health system infrastructure. However, centralised health planning still belies the ethos and imperative of decentralisation - these contradictions may vex progress going forward and warrant further study.

Nursing Students' Experience of a Poverty Simulation and Its Impact on Empathy and Social Justice Awareness: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

Holistic nursing practice requires an understanding of the constraints of poverty as one of the social determinants of health. Future nurses need to be change agents for social justice. A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted to explore students' experience of the Missouri Association for Community Action Poverty Simulation© (CAPS) and its impact on empathy and social justice awareness among a purposive sample of 56 sophomore baccalaureate nursing students at a public university in the Northeastern United States. Inductive thematic analysis was applied to data collected from a postparticipation reflection paper. Five themes emerged: (a) emotions, (b) personal history of poverty, (c) empathy, (d) rising advocacy, and (e) lessons learned. The results support that the CAPS simulation provides an experiential opportunity which impacts empathy and foundational attitudes to be a change agent for social justice. Recommendations include structured education about social determinants of health prior to the CAPS simulation, continued education throughout nursing curricula, and experiential opportunities to apply social justice skills before graduation.

Communities catalyzing change with data to mitigate an invisible menace, traffic-related air pollution.

OBJECTIVES: To identify strategies and tactics communities use to translate research into environmental health action. METHODS: We employed a qualitative case study design to explore public health action conducted by residents, organizers, and public health planners in two Massachusetts communities as part of a community based participatory (CBPR) research study. Data sources included key informant interviews (n = 24), reports and direct observation of research and community meetings (n = 10) and project meeting minutes from 2016-2021. Data were coded deductively drawing on the community organizing and implementation frameworks. RESULTS: In Boston Chinatown, partners drew broad participation from community-based organizations, residents, and municipal leaders, which resulted in air pollution mitigation efforts being embedded in the master planning process. In Somerville, partners focused on change at multiple levels, developer behavior, and separate from the funded research, local legislative efforts, and litigation. CONCLUSIONS: CBPR affords communities the ability to environmental health efforts in a way that is locally meaningful, leveraging their respective strengths. External facilitation can support the continuity and sustainment of community led CBPR efforts.

Nurturing the Seeds of Participation: Unveiling the Foundational Path for Understanding Aging in Place Barriers and Facilitators From the Perspective of Older Adults Using Mixed Methods and Translational Science.

Participation in society is a cornerstone for quality of life, active aging, and aging in place. While the majority of older adults prefer aging in place, health and financial challenges can hinder this vision. Conducted in suburban South Jersey, this study utilized mixed methods, including surveys and interviews with older adult participants. Surveys indicated that satisfaction with participation in the community is influenced by functional ability, healthcare service availability, and information access. Interviewees identified suggestions to overcome barriers (e.g., improve access to community and address ageism). Combined results provide a theory of change which suggests older adults' empowerment in community participation hinges on home living support, participation options aligning with ability and interest, and accessible information on community events. This person-centered planning approach emphasizes the importance of older adult and stakeholder participation in foundational community planning, offering translational foundational tools for evidence-based strategies to engage them in future community action plans (CAPs).

Benefits of a health advocacy intervention intended to improve self-efficacy for self-care in residents of a homeless shelter.

Despite a great need for healthcare, unhoused individuals encounter significant barriers to utilizing public healthcare systems. Given the inequities in access to healthcare, accompanied by disabilities and health risks associated with homelessness, self-efficacy for self-care is particularly critical. As a primary purpose of this article, we describe a self-care intervention (Health Advocacy Behavioral Activation), which was implemented within a long-standing participatory community action research project for homeless shelters, and report evidence of the intervention's effectiveness in enhancing self-efficacy for self-care. Participants included 62 residents of the St. Vincent de Paul Gateway Shelter for Men (Dayton, Ohio). Shelter residents with disabilities and those without disability benefited approximately equally from the intervention and both showed statistically significant pre- to post-intervention improvements in self-efficacy for self-care. Recommendations for future research examining the effectiveness of the intervention are provided. As a secondary (supplementary) purpose, we report preliminary evidence of psychometric validation for a new instrument (Scale of Self-Efficacy for Self-Care), which was developed in service of our primary purpose (i.e., to examine the effects of intervention on self-efficacy for self-care) because a literature search did not identify an appropriate measure. Because this new instrument fills a void in the literature, we anticipate that it will be useful in practice and research, and so we delineate research recommendations for additional psychometric validation of this measure. Because of the barriers that unhoused people encounter with regard to access to healthcare in the community, self-care interventions provided (and evaluated) on-site (e.g., in homeless shelters) are necessary.

Family listening/circle program: The experience of community action projects to promote family and community wellness in three tribal communities in New Mexico.

Introduction: The Family Listening/Circle Program (FLCP) is a community-based participatory research (CBPR), culture-centered, intergenerational family strengthening program that was co-developed in partnership with the University of New Mexico's Center for Participatory Research (UNM-CPR) and three tribal communities (Pueblo of Jemez, Ramah Navajo, and Mescalero Apache) in New Mexico. The Family Listening/Circle Program brings together fourth and fifth graders, their parents, caregivers, and elders to reduce risky behaviors associated with the initiation of substance use among the youth, and to strengthen family communication and connectedness to culture and language as protective factors. Methods: The tribal research teams (TRTs) from each community worked with UNM-CPR to co-create, pilot, implement, and evaluate the tribally-specific FL/CP curricula centered in their own tribal histories, language, knowledge, visions, and actions for the future. A key component of the FL/CP involved the planning and completion of community action projects (CAPs) by participating families. During the final session of the program, the families present their community action projects on poster boards, with children leading the presentations. The TRTs and UNM team document narratives of what was shared and learned by the families. Results: The CAPs provide an empowerment and community benefit focus based on Paulo Freire's philosophy that people can become agents of change if they identify and work on issues that are important to them. The community action projects are also centered in Indigenous values and practices of reciprocity, responsibility, and being active members of the community. Discussion: The CAPs added unique contributions to the Family Listening/Circle Program as the participants' learnings were strengthened when they had the opportunity to give back to their communities. The CAPs were important to document as they illustrated the potential range of effectiveness with their capacity to empower participants to address challenges within their communities, strengthen cultural norms and values, and improve the wellbeing of community members.

Digital inclusion, online participation and health promotion: promising practices from community-led participatory journalism.

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that digital inclusion mediates access to other social determinants of health - directly, through access to and literacy in technologies or services, and indirectly, by supporting people's capacity to participate fully and equitably in civic and cultural life online. Novel approaches to community-led participatory journalism, in which people from equity-deserving communities are supported to tell their own stories, suggest promising practices for online civic engagement as an emerging approach to promoting health though digital inclusion.

Assessing community readiness to reduce consumption of sugary drinks in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: A useful tool for evaluation and co-design.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: There is a need for culturally appropriate methods in the implementation and evaluation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health programs. A group of Indigenous and non-Indigenous practitioners culturally adapted and applied the Tri-Ethnic Research Centre's Community Readiness Tool (CRT) to evaluate change in community readiness and reflect on its appropriateness. METHODS: Aboriginal community-controlled health service staff informed the cultural adaptation of the standard CRT. The adapted CRT was then used at baseline and 12-month follow-up in three remote communities in the Cape York region, Queensland, Australia. Program implementation occurred within a pilot project aiming to influence availability of drinking water and sugary drinks. RESULTS: The adapted CRT was found to be feasible and useful. Overall mean readiness scores increased in two communities, with no change in the third community. CRT interview data were used to develop community action plans with key stakeholders that were tailored to communities' stage of readiness. Considerations for future application of the CRT were the importance of having a pre-defined issue, time and resource-intensiveness of the process, and need to review appropriateness prior to implementation in other regions. CONCLUSION: The adapted CRT was valuable for evaluating the project and co-designing strategies with stakeholders, and holds potential for further applications in health promotion in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. SO WHAT?: This project identified benefits of CRT application not reported elsewhere. The adapted CRT adds a practical method to the toolkits of health promotors and evaluators for working in partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to address priority concerns.

Climate Change, Community Action, and Health in the Anglophone Caribbean: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review investigates the status of research focusing on the nexus of community action, climate change, and health and wellbeing in anglophone Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Methods: This review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley framework and utilized the PRISMA-ScR checklist. We searched Medline/OVID, PsychInfo, VHL, Sociological Abstracts, Google Scholar, and Scopus to capture interdisciplinary studies published from 1946 to 2021. Results: The search yielded 3,828 records of which fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria. The analysis assessed study aim, geographic focus, community stakeholders, community action, climate perspective, health impact, as well as dimensions including resources/assets, education/information, organization and governance, innovation and flexibility, and efficacy and agency. Nearly all studies were case studies using mixed method approaches involving qualitative and quantitative data. Community groups organized around focal areas related to fishing, farming, food security, conservation, and the environment. Conclusion: Despite the bearing these areas have on public health, few studies explicitly examine direct links between health and climate change. Research dedicated to the nexus of community action, climate change, and health in the anglophone Caribbean warrants further study.

Peer-led interventions to reduce alcohol consumption in college students: A scoping review.

Risky alcohol consumption among college students is a significant public health issue. In the college setting, students can collaborate in the implementation of peer-led interventions. To date, evidence of peer-led programmes in reducing harmful alcohol consumption in this population is inconclusive. The aim of the current scoping review is to provide a broad overview by systematically examining and mapping the literature on peer-led interventions for preventing risky alcohol consumption by college students. The specific aims were to (1) identify the underlying focus of the interventions and assess their (2) effectiveness and (3) feasibility. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, DART-Europe, RCAAP, Trove and ProQuest. The inclusion criteria were peer-led interventions that exclusively addressed alcohol consumption, college students as the target population and interventional studies (randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of interventions). The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. From 6654 potential studies, 13 were included. Nine interventions were described within these studies: Voice of Reason programme, Brief Advice sessions, Peer Theatre, Alcohol Education programme, Perceptions of Alcohol Norms intervention, Motivational Intervention, Alcohol Skills Training programme, Lifestyle Management Class and the Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students. Only the last showed significant reductions in three of the four outcome measures: quantity and frequency of drinking, estimated peak blood alcohol concentration and alcohol-related consequences. It did not significantly decrease the number of heavy-drinking episodes. Peer interventions may be effective in preventing alcohol use among college students, although the evidence is weak and scarce. Further research is needed to strengthen the findings about peer-led interventions.

Cultura urbana y acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo en Medellín: de pandilleros a líderes comunitarios / Urban culture and psycho-socio-educational accompaniment in Medellín: from gang members to community leaders / Cultura urbana e acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo em Medellín: de membros

Resumen (analítico) Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las trayectorias de vida de jóvenes desplazados en una comuna de Medellín. A través del acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo, especialmente brindado desde la infancia, y mediante la cultura urbana, los jóvenes evolucionan desde «el muchacho pandillero¼ hasta convertirse en referentes comunitarios. El trabajo de campo se realizó empleando la metodología cualitativa mediante la técnica biográfico-narrativa, recogiendo información a través de cinco entrevistas en profundidad, líneas de tiempo y observación al participante. Las conclusiones muestran a un grupo de jóvenes perdidos en contexto de barrio, cuyo cambio comienza con el acompañamiento psico-socioeducativo que les permite movilizar sus potencialidades a través del baile y tomar el control de su vida, logrando que sus individualidades trasciendan y posibilitando su influencia en la comunidad.

Abstract (analytical) The aim of this article is to analyse the life trajectories of displaced young people in a community in Medellin. Through psycho-socio-educational accompaniment, the stories go from "being a kid in a gang" to becoming community reference points, especially in the area of childhood safety, through participating in and generating urban culture. Fieldwork was carried out using a qualitative methodology through the biographical-narrative technique, collecting information through five in-depth interviews, timelines and participant observation. The conclusions identify a group of young people who were "lost" in the context of their neighborhood and whose changes began with psycho-socio-educational accompaniment. This allowed them to discover their potential through dance and take control of their lives, resulting in them transcending the individual sphere and trying to influence their community.

Resumo (analítico) O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as trajetórias de vida dos jovens deslocados numa comunidade em Medellín. Através do acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, as histórias evoluem de "o miúdo da gangue" para referências comunitárias, especialmente na segurança infantil, através da cultura urbana. O trabalho de campo foi realizado utilizando metodologia qualitativa através da técnica biográfico-narrativa, recolhendo informação através de cinco entrevistas aprofundadas, cronogramas e observação dos participantes. As conclusões mostram um grupo de jovens perdidos num contexto de vizinhança, cuja mudança começa com o acompanhamento psico-sócio-educativo, que lhes permite mobilizar o seu potencial através da dança e assumir o controlo das suas vidas para transcender o indivíduo e tentar influenciar a comunidade.

[Evaluation of the results of a program of Responsible Service of Alcoholic Beverages applied in Professional Training Cycles of Hospitality and Catering.] / Evaluación de los resultados de un programa de servicio responsable de bebidas alcohólicas aplicado en ciclos de formación profesional de hostelería y restauración.

OBJECTIVE: The abusive consumption of alcohol is a relevant health problem. Training hospitality professionals in Responsible Alcohol Service (RAS) is a way to minimize abusive consumption in leisure contexts. To date, no studies have been published on the effectiveness of this training in future hospitality professionals. This study presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of a training intervention carried out with Vocational Training students. METHODS: Eighty-one students were trained in RAS through a 4-hour course. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, knowledge about alcohol was assessed before and after the activity. Attitude, self-efficacy perspective and expectations towards RAS were also evaluated. Finally, satisfaction with the activity was assessed. To do this, a comparison of means was carried out from a test-retest repeated measures design using Wilcoxon's nonparametric test of signed ranges. An individual analysis of the evolution of each participant was also carried out. RESULTS: From a group perspective, knowledge about the effects of alcohol (W=2.91; p=0.04), attitudes (W=3.52; p<0.001) and expectations (W=2.97; p=0.003) towards RAS improved after the intervention. Satisfaction with different aspects of the training ranged between 3.52 and 4.08 points out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: RAS training with Vocational Training students favors accountability in the service of alcoholic beverages and increases expectations towards RAS. Likewise, to make specific adaptations for Vocational Training students is recommended.

OBJETIVO: El consumo abusivo de alcohol es uno de los principales problemas de salud. La formación en un Servicio Responsable de Alcohol (SRA) al personal de hostelería es una forma de minimizar el consumo abusivo en contextos de ocio. Hasta la fecha no se han publicado estudios sobre la efectividad de esta formación en futuros profesionales de la hostelería. En este artículo se presenta la valoración de la efectividad de una intervención de formación en SRA realizada en los Ciclos de Servicios de Restauración de un Centro Integrado de Navarra con estudiantes de Formación Profesional. METODOS: Se formó en SRA a 81 estudiantes, mediante una acción formativa de 4 horas. Para evaluar la efectividad de la intervención se valoraron los conocimientos sobre el alcohol antes y después de la actividad. También se evaluó la actitud, la perspectiva de autoeficacia y las expectativas hacia el SRA. Finalmente, se valoró la satisfacción con la actividad. Para ello se realizó una comparación de medias a partir de un diseño de medidas repetidas test-retest mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signo. Además, se realizó un análisis individual de la evolución de cada participante. RESULTADOS: Desde una perspectiva grupal, el conocimiento sobre los efectos del alcohol (W=2,91; p=0,04), las actitudes (W=3,52; p<0,001) y las expectativas (W=2,97; p=0,003) hacia el SRA mejoraron. La satisfacción con los diferentes aspectos de la formación osciló entre 3,52 y 4,08 puntos sobre 5. CONCLUSIONES: La formación en SRA con alumnado de Formación Profesional favorece la responsabilización en el servicio de bebidas alcohólicas e incrementa las expectativas hacia el SRA. Asimismo, se recomienda realizar adaptaciones específicas de esta formación para el alumnado de Formación Profesional.

Evaluación de los resultados de un programa de servicio responsable de bebidas alcohólicas aplicado en ciclos de formación profesional de hostelería y restauración / Evaluation of the results of a program of Responsible Service of Alcoholic Beverages applied in Professional Training Cycles of Hospitality and Catering

Fundamentos: El consumo abusivo de alcohol es uno de los principales problemas de salud. La formación en un Servicio Responsable de Alcohol (SRA) al personal de hostelería es una forma de minimizar el consumo abusivo en contextos de ocio. Hasta la fecha no se han publicado estudios sobre la efectividad de esta formación en futuros profesionales de la hostelería. En este artículo se presenta la valoración de la efectividad de una intervención de formación en SRA realizada en los Ciclos de Servicios de Restauración de un Centro Integrado de Navarra con estudiantes de Formación Profesional. Métodos: Se formó en SRA a 81 estudiantes, mediante una acción formativa de 4 horas. Para evaluar la efectividad de la intervención se valoraron los conocimientos sobre el alcohol antes y después de la actividad. También se evaluó la actitud, la perspectiva de autoeficacia y las expectativas hacia el SRA. Finalmente, se valoró la satisfacción con la actividad. Para ello se realizó una comparación de medias a partir de un diseño de medidas repetidas test-retest mediante la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon de los rangos con signo. Además, se realizó un análisis individual de la evolución de cada participante. Resultados: Desde una perspectiva grupal, el conocimiento sobre los efectos del alcohol (W=2,91; p=0,04), las actitudes (W=3,52; p<0,001) y las expectativas (W=2,97; p=0,003) hacia el SRA mejoraron. La satisfacción con los diferentes aspectos de la formación osciló entre 3,52 y 4,08 puntos sobre 5. Conclusiones: La formación en SRA con alumnado de Formación Profesional favorece la responsabilización en el servicio de bebidas alcohólicas e incrementa las expectativas hacia el SRA. Asimismo, se recomienda realizar adaptaciones específicas de esta formación para el alumnado de Formación Profesional.(AU)

Background: The abusive consumption of alcohol is a relevant health problem. Training hospitality professionals in Responsible Alcohol Service (RAS) is a way to minimize abusive consumption in leisure contexts. To date, no studies have been published on the effectiveness of this training in future hospitality professionals. This study presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of a training intervention carried out with Vocational Training students. Methods: Eighty-one students were trained in RAS through a 4-hour course. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention, knowledge about alcohol was assessed before and after the activity. Attitude, self-efficacy perspective and expectations towards RAS were also evaluated. Finally, satisfaction with the activity was assessed. To do this, a comparison of means was carried out from a testretest repeated measures design using Wilcoxon’s nonparametric test of signed ranges. An individual analysis of the evolution of each participant was also carried out. Results: From a group perspective, knowledge about the effects of alcohol (W=2.91; p=0.04), attitudes (W=3.52; p<0.001) and expectations (W=2.97; p=0.003) towards RAS improved after the intervention. Satisfaction with different aspects of the training ranged between 3.52 and 4.08 points out of 5. Conclusions: RAS training with Vocational Training students favors accountability in the service of alcoholic beverages and increases expectations towards RAS.Likewise, to make specific adaptations for Vocational Training students is recommended.(AU)

Knowledge and perceptions of human trafficking among community-based and faith-based organization members in South Los Angeles.

The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the knowledge and perceptions of human trafficking (HT) among leaders and staff from 11 community-based organizations (CBOs) and faith-based organizations (FBOs) in South Los Angeles, and (2) to identify gaps in knowledge of HT and inform community organizations regarding possible best practices in health promotion for addressing this emerging public health problem. A self-administered survey was conducted during the period from 4 December 2015 to 28 January 2016. Descriptive statistics were generated and a logistic regression model was constructed using SAS 9.3. A total of 277 CBO and FBO leaders and staff completed the survey. Participants demonstrated high levels of knowledge of HT but their knowledge was not comprehensive, as gaps exist in recognizing the context in which HT usually takes place; understanding the local laws that govern this activity; and ways to follow related policies/procedures when the problem is suspected. A majority (a) believed there were not enough services in Los Angeles County to help survivors of HT, (b) could not recognize the signs of HT, and (c) did not know what steps to take if they suspected this criminal activity. A statistically significant association was found between education and participants' knowledge of HT, and with their beliefs and attitudes toward this violation of human rights. Study findings suggest that, generally, CBO/FBO leaders and staff in South Los Angeles have good knowledge about HT. However, notable gaps in knowledge and misperceptions remain, suggesting opportunities for Public Health to further educate and intervene.

Potencialidades da Educação Popular em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19 na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil / The potential of Popular Education in Primary Health Care in Brazil in times of the Covid-19 pandemic / Potencialidades de la Educación Popular en tiempos de pandemia de Covid-19 en la Atención Primaria de la Salud en Brasil

O presente artigo buscou compreender as especificidades e potencialidades da Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS) como orientadora de ações no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) diante da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa tem caráter exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Foram realizadas, no mês de julho de 2020, entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco atores sociais integrantes de coletivos nacionais de EPS. Os resultados indicam que têm ocorrido o fortalecimento do trabalho coletivo e a constituição de novas articulações, assim como a EPS se evidencia como prática potente na criação de vínculo com e no território; ademais, as tecnologias da informação e comunicação têm sido consideradas como importantes aliadas. Conclui-se que a EPS continua sendo efetiva no âmbito da APS, tendo o diálogo horizontalizado e a problematização da realidade como pressupostos estruturantes de seu que fazer. (AU)

This study sought to understand the specificities and potential of popular health education (PHE) as a guiding principle for primary health care actions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. We carried out a qualitative exploratory study using data from semi-structured interviews conducted with five social actors who were members of national PHE collectives. The findings show that PHE has strengthened collective working and given rise to new articulations, showing itself to be a powerful practice for creating affiliation with and in the territory. In addition, information and communication technologies are considered important allies. We conclude that PHE, whose underlying premises include horizontal dialogue and the problematization of reality, continues to be effective within primary care. (AU)

El presente artículo buscó comprender las especificidades y potencialidades de la Educación Popular en Salud (EPS) como orientadora de acciones en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS) frente a la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil. Metodológicamente, esta investigación tiene carácter exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo de los datos. En el mes de julio de 2020 se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco actores sociales integrantes de colectivos nacionales de EPS. Los resultados indicaron que ha habido el fortalecimiento del trabajo colectivo y la constitución de nuevas articulaciones, así como que la EPS se ha mostrado como una práctica potente en la creación de vínculo con el territorio y en él; además, las tecnologías de la información y comunicación se han considerado importantes aliadas. Se concluye que la EPS continúa siendo efectiva en el ámbito de la APS, teniendo el diálogo horizontalizado y la problematización de la realidad como presuposiciones estructuradoras de su quehacer. (AU)

Diagnóstico inicial de salud desde la farmacia comunitaria en el barrio de San Isidro de Granadilla de Abona (Tenerife) / Health mapping and diagnosis from the community pharmacy. Initial results of an experiment in San Isidro

Introducción: Este diagnóstico comunitario de salud surge de la necesidad de un conocimiento compartido del territorio, sus recursos, sus retos, con el objetivo de desarrollar una acción comunitaria para la salud desde una farmacia. Métodos: Se ha realizado un inventario de recursos comunitarios categorizados en: territoriales, sanitarios, sociales, económicos, educativos, culturales y de ocio y asociativos; y 31 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 68 personas que integran instituciones, ONG o asociaciones vecinales. Resultados: Se presenta resumen de la guía de recursos, que tienden a concentrarse en torno a la avenida Santa Cruz. Los resultados iniciales del diagnóstico comunitario presentados muestran un barrio donde las desigualdades en salud tienen un peso importante, con problemas estructurales en relación con distintos determinantes de la salud. Discusión: El proceso ha generado relaciones de colaboración en materia de promoción de la salud en el territorio. El Ayuntamiento de Granadilla de Abona ha mostrado su voluntad de extender la iniciativa al resto del municipio. Es necesario mejorar la participación en salud de los y las pacientes en espacios de construcción compartida e incluir técnicas como el análisis del discurso y análisis de contenido. (AU)

Introduction: This community health diagnosis arises from the need for a shared knowledge of the region, its resources and challenges. The aim is to develop community health action from a Pharmacy. Methods. An inventory of community resources has been made, categorized as: territorial, health, social, economic, educational, cultural and leisure and associative; and 31 semi-structured interviews with 68 people comprising institutions, NGOs or community associations. Results. A summary of the community resources, which tend to be concentrated around Avenida Santa Cruz, is presented. The initial results of the community diagnosis presented reveals a neighbourhood where health inequalities play an important role with structural problems in relation to different health determinants. Discussion. The process has generated collaborative relationships in the area of health promotion in the territory. The City Council of Granadilla de Abona has shown its willingness to extend the initiative to the rest of the municipality. It is necessary to improve the participation of patients in health within spaces of shared construction and to include techniques such as discourse analysis and content analysis. (AU)